Public buildings are defined by their ability to spread influence across the roads surrounding them. Within this influence, public buildings supply other buildings with basic needs or luxuries.
Buildings like the marketplace, the variety theatre or the bank, supply residences with services within their range of influence, fulfilling the basic and luxury needs of your population.
The influence range of a public building is limited and depends on the building itself and the quality of the roads upon which they spread their influence. Dirt roads offer reduced influence range, while paved streets offer increased range. Influence is first channeled upon the first road tile touching the public building - either vertically or horizontally, but not diagonally - and then the influence extends upon any adjacent roads up to a certain limit.
A public building's range can be seen by selecting the building. Roads affected will be highlighted in green, though the intensity of this green will diminish the further it extends. The dark green zone is where the building fully supplies the service to residences or other buildings. The light green zone is where the service is supplied only partially. The further away from the building, the less percentage of the service is supplied, down to 0% where light green roads turn into non-highlighted roads.
If a railway crosses a road, a public building's range of influence across it, may be diminished.
See the individual building pages for their full stats.